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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and
- Herzegovina and Slovenia
- Map references:
- Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe
- Area:
- total area:
- 56,538 sq km
- land area:
- 56,410 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly smaller than West Virginia
- Land boundaries:
- total 2,028 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and
- Montenegro 266 km (241 km with Serbia; 25 km with Montenego), Slovenia 501
- km
- Coastline:
- 5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
- Maritime claims:
- continental shelf:
- 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
- International disputes:
- Ethnic Serbs have occupied UN protected areas in eastern Croatia and along
- the western Bosnia and Herzegovinian border
- Climate:
- Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot
- summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
- Terrain:
- geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains
- and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands
- Natural resources:
- oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt,
- silica, mica, clays, salt
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 32%
- permanent crops:
- 20%
- meadows and pastures:
- 18%
- forest and woodland:
- 15%
- other:
- 15%
- Irrigated land:
- NA sq km
- Environment:
- current issues:
- air pollution (from metallurgical plants) and resulting acid rain is
- damaging the forests; coastal pollution from industrial and domestic waste;
- widespread casualties and destruction of infrastructure in border areas
- affected by civil strife
- natural hazards:
- frequent and destructive earthquakes
- international agreements:
- party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test
- Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not
- ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
- Desertification
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Geography
- Note:
- controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea and Turkish
- Straits
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 4,665,821 (July 1995 est.)
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 19% (female 418,272; male 442,064)
- 15-64 years:
- 68% (female 1,592,187; male 1,588,455)
- 65 years and over:
- 13% (female 394,650; male 230,193) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 0.13% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 11.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 10.55 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 0.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 74.02 years
- male:
- 70.59 years
- female:
- 77.65 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 1.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Croat(s)
- adjective:
- Croatian
- Ethnic divisions:
- Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%, Slovenian 0.5%, others
- 8.1% (1991)
- Religions:
- Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%, Protestant 0.4%, others
- and unknown 10.8%
- Languages:
- Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1991)
- total population:
- 97%
- male:
- 99%
- female:
- 95%
- Labor force:
- 1,509,489
- by occupation:
- industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- Republic of Croatia
- conventional short form:
- Croatia
- local long form:
- Republika Hrvatska
- local short form:
- Hrvatska
- Digraph:
- HR
- Type:
- parliamentary democracy
- Capital:
- Zagreb
- Administrative divisions:
- 21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija - singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of
- Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva, Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci,
- Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj, Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija,
- Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina,
- Split-Dalmatia, Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin,
- Zagreb
- Independence:
- 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
- National holiday:
- Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
- Constitution:
- adopted on 22 December 1990
- Legal system:
- based on civil law system
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990); election last held 4 August
- 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Franjo TUDJMAN reelected with
- about 56% of the vote; his opponent Dobroslav PARAGA got 5% of the vote
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since 3 April 1993); Deputy Prime Ministers
- Mato GRANIC (since 8 September 1992); Ivica KOSTOVIC (since 14 October
- 1993); Jure RADIC (since NA); Borislav SKEGRO (since 3 April 1993)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
- Legislative branch:
- bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)
- House of Districts (Zupanije Dom):
- elections last held 7 and 21 February 1993 (next to be held NA February
- 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (68 total; 63 elected,
- 5 presidentially appointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic
- Assembly 3, SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1
- House of Representatives (Predstavnicke Dom):
- elections last held 2 August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); results
- - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (138 total) HDZ 85, HSLS 14, SPH-SDP
- 11, HNS 6, Dalmatian Action/Istrian Democratic Assembly/ Rijeka Democratic
- Alliance coalition 6, HSP 5, HSS 3, SNS 3, independents 5
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Government
- Political parties and leaders:
- Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), Zlatko CANJUGA, secretary general; Croatian
- Democratic Independents (HND), Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social
- Liberal Party (HSLS), Drazen BUDISA, president; Croatian Democratic Peasant
- Party (HDSS), Ante BABIC; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), Ante DAPIC;
- Croatian Peasants' Party (HSS), Josip PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party
- (HNS), Radimir CACIC, president; Dalmatian Action (DA), Mira LJUBIC-LORGER;
- Serb National Party (SNS), Milan DJUKIC; Social Democratic Action (SDP),
- Miko TRIPALO; other small parties include the Istrian Democratic Assembly
- and the Rijeka Democratic Alliance
- Other political or pressure groups:
- NA
- Member of:
- CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA,
- IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,
- NAM (observer), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Petar A. SARCEVIC
- chancery:
- 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- [1] (202) 588-5899
- FAX:
- [1] (202) 588-8936
- consulate(s) general:
- New York
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH
- embassy:
- Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb
- mailing address:
- US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345
- telephone:
- [385] (41) 456-000
- FAX:
- [385] (41) 440-235
- Flag:
- red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and
- white checkered)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after
- Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita
- output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. At present, Croatian
- Serb Separatists control approximately one-third of the Croatian territory,
- and one of the overriding determinants of Croatia's long-term political and
- economic prospects will be the resolution of this territorial dispute.
- Croatia faces serious economic problems stemming from: the legacy of
- longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage
- during the fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and
- houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the
- disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav
- republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum, extensive
- Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries,
- would seem necessary to revive the moribund economy. However, peace and
- political stability must come first; only then will recent government moves
- toward a "market-friendly" economy restore old levels of output. As of
- February 1995, fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and
- national boundaries and final political arrangements are still in doubt.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 3.4% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $2,640 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 3% (1994 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- 17% (December 1994)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $NA
- expenditures:
- $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
- Exports:
- $3.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals
- 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5%
- (1990)
- partners:
- EC countries, Slovenia
- Imports:
- $4.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993)
- commodities:
- machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and
- live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous
- manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1%
- (1990)
- partners:
- EC countries, Slovenia, FSU countries
- External debt:
- $2.9 billion (September 1994)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate -4% (1994 est.)
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 3,570,000 kW
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Economy
- production:
- NA kWh
- consumption per capita:
- NA kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig
- iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products
- (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles,
- shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and
- beverages
- Agriculture:
- Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private
- hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria;
- much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat,
- corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in
- Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal
- production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming;
- coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and
- vegetables
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- IMF, $192 million
- Currency:
- 1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras
- Exchange rates:
- Croatian kuna per US $1 - 5.6144 (November 1994)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 2,699 km
- standard gauge:
- 2,699 km 1.435-m gauge (963 km electrified)
- note:
- disrupted by territorial dispute (1994)
- Highways:
- total:
- 27,368 km
- paved:
- 22,176 km (302 km of expressways)
- unpaved:
- 5,192 km (1991)
- Inland waterways:
- 785 km perennially navigable
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992); note
- - now disrupted because of territorial dispute
- Ports:
- Dubrovnik, Omis, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Zadar
- Merchant marine:
- total:
- 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 181,565 GRT/225,533 DWT
- ships by type:
- bulk 1, cargo 20, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 2, passenger 2,
- refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, short-sea passenger 4
- note:
- also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 134 ships (1,000 GRT or over)
- totaling 3,286,231 DWT that operate under Maltese and Saint Vincent and the
- Grenadines registry
- Airports:
- total:
- 76
- with paved runways over 3,047 m:
- 2
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 6
- with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
- 2
- with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 1
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 55
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 2
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 8
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 350,000 telephones
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA
- international:
- no satellite links
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0
- radios:
- 1.1 million
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 12 (repeaters 2)
- televisions:
- 1.027 million
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Croatia
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Frontier Guard,
- Home Guard
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 1,183,184; males fit for military service 943,749; males
- reach military age (19) annually 32,831 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- 337 billion to 393 billion dinars, NA% of GDP (1993 est.); note - conversion
- of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate
- could produce misleading results
-